A High-Efficiency Cooperative Control Strategy of Active and Passive Heating for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The key to overcome PEMFC cold start failure is raise the stack temperature above 0 °C before electrochemical reaction. As reaction progresses, heat released inside stack, which will stack. This heating method called passive heating, referred as PH in this article. Another method, active or simplified AH article, involves artificially adding a device input extra increase more quickly and reduce icing rate of water. In study, an optimal cooperative control strategy explored by integrating PH. most effective can be achieved when raised −20 using with itself. study provides guidance for optimizing performance PEMFC.